What do systematic reviews say?

Low‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy vs standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral minimally… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Standard‐dose adjuvant radiotherapy alone vs adjuvant chemoradiotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• De‐intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral minimally… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Concomitant (concurrent) chemoradiotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy plus surgery

Chemoradiotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemoradiotherapy plus surgery (high certainty).

• Chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for esophageal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.79, 1.24]
  2 studies · 431 participants
  High

Interferon + chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Interferon + chemotherapy may leads to higher overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Interferon after surgery for women with advanced (Stage II‐IV) epithelial ovarian cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.14
  2 studies · 244 participants
  Low

Interferon vs observation

Interferon showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with observation alone (low certainty).

• Interferon after surgery for women with advanced (Stage II‐IV) epithelial ovarian cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.14 [0.84, 1.55]
  2 studies · 370 participants
  Low

Post‐surgical chemotherapy vs surgery

Post‐surgical chemotherapy leads to lower overall Survival (OS) compared with surgery alone (high certainty).

• Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.85 [0.8, 0.9]
  34 studies · 7523 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (Duration of (high certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.84, 1.05]
  4 studies · 3848 participants
  High

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival among all patients compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

• Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.73, 0.89]
  14 studies · 2422 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Percutaneous ethanol injection or percutaneous acetic acid injection for early hepatocellular carcinoma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  185 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 2‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.93, 1.12]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 3‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.09]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 5‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.86, 1.12]
  7 studies · 4389 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 1‐year survival rate  (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Low

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Perioperative chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival by tumor site ‐ Stomach compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

• Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.82, 1.06]
  7 studies · 828 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower overall five year survival ‐ Colon cancer (low certainty).

• Workload and surgeon´s specialty for outcome after colorectal cancer surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.84 [0.76, 0.93]
  1 study · 2905 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes overall five year survival ‐ Colon cancer (very low certainty).

• Workload and surgeon´s specialty for outcome after colorectal cancer surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.97 [0.77, 1.22]
  2 studies · 5211 participants
  Very low

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Perioperative chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival by tumor site ‐ Esophagus compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

• Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.73, 1.05]
  5 studies · 473 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall five year survival ‐ Rectal cancer (low certainty).

• Workload and surgeon´s specialty for outcome after colorectal cancer surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.86, 1.14]
  1 study · 1903 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower overall five year survival ‐ Rectal cancer (low certainty).

• Workload and surgeon´s specialty for outcome after colorectal cancer surgery 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.85 [0.77, 0.95]
  3 studies · 4028 participants
  Low

Perioperative chemotherapy vs primary surgery

Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival by tumor site ‐ GE junction compared with primary surgery (high certainty).

• Perioperative chemo(radio)therapy versus primary surgery for resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach,… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.69 [0.54, 0.87]
  6 studies · 470 participants
  High