What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

• Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 617 participants
  Very low

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

• Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 2507 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin C vs placebo

• Vitamin C for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 201 participants
  Low

Vitamin C vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin C for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings (water exercise vs no exercise

• Water‐based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 participants
  Low

Summary of findings (water exercise vs land exercise)

• Water‐based exercise training for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  60 participants
  Low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

• Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 219 participants
  Very low
• Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 164 participants
  Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs usual care

• Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 259 participants
  Very low
• Chronic non‐invasive ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 200 participants
  Very low