What do systematic reviews say?

Irinotecan vs non‐irinotecan‐containing regimens

Irinotecan leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with non‐irinotecan‐containing regimens (high certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.76 [0.69, 0.84]
  7 studies · 1640 participants
  High

Irinotecan + oxaliplatin vs irinotecan

Irinotecan + oxaliplatin probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with irinotecan (moderate certainty).

• Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.6 [0.55, 0.66]
  1 study · 627 participants
  Moderate

Irinotecan‐based regimens vs irinotecan

Irinotecan‐based regimens probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with irinotecan (moderate certainty).

• Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.68 [0.6, 0.76]
  6 studies · 2615 participants
  Moderate

Irinotecan + targeted therapy vs irinotecan

Irinotecan + targeted therapy probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with irinotecan (moderate certainty).

• Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.71 [0.64, 0.79]
  2 studies · 1758 participants
  Moderate

Irinotecan vs non‐irinotecan‐containing regimens

Irinotecan showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival ‐ Substitutive comparison compared with non‐irinotecan‐containing regimens (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.85 [0.72, 1]
  5 studies · 741 participants
  Moderate
• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.51 [0.33, 0.77]
  1 study · 90 participants
  Moderate
• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.74 [0.66, 0.84]
  2 studies · 809 participants
  High

Retinoic acid post‐consolidation therapy vs no further treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Retinoic acid postconsolidation therapy for high‐risk neuroblastoma patients treated with autologous haematopoietic… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chemotherapy vs biological therapy

Chemotherapy probably leads to higher progression‐free survival compared with biological therapy (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.27 [1.03, 1.57]
  1 study · 395 participants
  Moderate

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy changes progression‐free survival compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.74, 1.02]
  7 studies · 2743 participants
  Very low

Chemotherapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Chemotherapy leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (high certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.57 [0.47, 0.69]
  1 study · 507 participants
  High

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

Biological therapy probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.33 [0.19, 0.57]
  3 studies · 781 participants
  Moderate

Minimally invasive surgery vs Standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Minimally invasive surgery versus radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy for small‐volume primary oropharyngeal carcinoma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or targeted therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or… changes progression‐free survival compared with BSC (very low certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.58 [0.28, 1.18]
  2 studies · 540 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… may leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with control intervention alone (low certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.51 [0.29, 0.9]
  3 studies · 677 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table: chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s)… probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.64 [0.45, 0.92]
  5 studies · 883 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent… probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.64 [0.45, 0.92]
  5 studies · 883 participants
  Moderate

Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines

Oral probably leads to higher progression‐free survival compared with intravenous fluoropyrimidines (moderate certainty).

• Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.06 [1.02, 1.11]
  23 studies · 9927 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival (non‐taxane monotherapy vs taxane… compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.14 [0.88, 1.48]
  1 study · 219 participants
  Low
• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.75 [0.52, 1.09]
  2 studies · 121 participants
  Low
• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 107 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 933 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 784 participants
  GRADE not reported