Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 4 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 1 · 25%Very low 1 · 25%Low 2 · 50%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) vs Metal implant abutments (titanium)

Implant probing pocket depth (PPD) · Adults (18 years or older) with one missing tooth in the aesthetic zone needing an implant-supported single crown

Metal-free implant abutments (zirconia) showed no clear difference in implant probing pocket depth (PPD) compared with metal implant abutments (titanium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Metal‐free materials for fixed prosthodontic restorations 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
12 months
MD -0.22 [-0.60, 0.16]
2 studies · 47 participants
GRADE not reported

Chlorhexidine mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)

Chlorhexidine mouthwash may reduce pocket probing depth versus placebo in the short term (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

The efficacy of mouthwashes on oral microorganisms and gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment:… 2023 All outcomes
<=3 months (short-term) · Orthodontic patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (randomized controlled trials; multiple countries)
PD was significantly reduced except mid-lingual site compared to placebo [32]. The changes of PD were significantly higher compared to placebo [56].
2 studies
Low

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

Probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

Aligners may reduce pocket depth compared with fixed appliances in adults at 6-12 weeks (MD -0.42 mm, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.12; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Impact of Aligners and Fixed Appliances on Oral Health during Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and… 2021 All outcomes
6 to 12 weeks · Adults
MD -0.42 [-0.71, -0.12]
2 studies · 62 participants
Very low

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) vs Healthy controls without cleft

Probing pocket depth · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)

Persons with orofacial cleft have a greater probing pocket depth than healthy controls (MD 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95; low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral health in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of periodontal and… 2025 All outcomes
Clinical dental examination; various countries (e.g., Brazil, India, China, Thailand, USA)
MD 0.88 [0.82, 0.95]
3 studies · 340 participants
Low