Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

9 questions · 9 findings · 3 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 1 · 11.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 5 · 55.6%Moderate 2 · 22.2%High 1 · 11.1%

Vaginal progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Vaginal progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 37 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.89, 1.06]
6 studies · 1597 participants
Moderate

Vaginal progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 28 weeks · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Vaginal progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 28 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53 [0.79, 2.97]
3 studies · 1345 participants
Low

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone may leads to higher preterm birth less than 34 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.54 [1.06, 2.26]
2 studies · 399 participants
Low

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 28 weeks · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 28 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.75, 1.55]
5 studies · 1920 participants
Moderate

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 37 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.98, 1.13]
5 studies · 2010 participants
High

Vaginal progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · Women with a multiple pregnancy

Vaginal progesterone showed no clear difference in preterm birth less than 34 weeks compared with no treatment or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.66, 1.23]
5 studies · 1503 participants
Low

Specialised antenatal clinics vs usual care

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · Women with a multiple pregnancy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Specialised antenatal clinics for women with a multiple pregnancy for improving maternal and infant outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Very preterm birth (less than 34 weeks) ‐ assuming complete correlation between twins · women with multiple pregnancy

The intervention showed no clear difference in very preterm birth (less than 34 weeks) ‐ assuming complete… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.3 [0.84, 6.27]
1 study · 141 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Very preterm birth (less than 34 weeks) ‐ assuming complete correlation between twins/triplets · women with multiple pregnancy

The intervention showed no clear difference in very preterm birth (less than 34 weeks) ‐ assuming complete… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bed rest with and without hospitalisation in multiple pregnancy for improving perinatal outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.66, 1.58]
5 studies · 495 participants
Low