Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 4 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 5 · 71.4%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 1 · 14.3%

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium supplementation may leads to higher preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.52 [1.01, 2.28]
5 studies · 942 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.34, 1.3]
7 studies · 1640 participants
Low

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Preterm birth · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.88, 1.09]
11 studies · 20565 participants
High

Oral betamimetic vs placebo

Preterm birth · women with a twin pregnancy

Oral betamimetic showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oral betamimetics for reducing preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.65, 1.1]
4 studies · 276 participants
Low

Oral betamimetic vs placebo

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · women with a twin pregnancy

Oral betamimetic showed no clear difference in very preterm birth (less than 34 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oral betamimetics for reducing preterm birth in women with a twin pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.15, 1.5]
1 study · 144 participants
Low

Any supplements containing iron and folic acid vs same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid or placebo)

Preterm birth · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron and folic acid showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron nor folic acid (no iron nor folic acid… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [0.4, 6]
3 studies · 1497 participants
Low

Any supplements containing iron vs same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or placebo)

Preterm birth · pregnant women

(Infant outcomes) Any supplements containing iron showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation) (ALL) compared with same supplements without iron or no treatment/placebo (no iron or… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.03]
13 studies · 19286 participants
Moderate