Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 4 reviews · Airways

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 25%Low 2 · 50%Moderate 1 · 25%High 0 · 0%

Pneumonia · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ ICS may leads to higher pneumonia compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids versus placebo for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.38 [1.02, 1.88]
9 studies · 14831 participants
Low

Pneumonia · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes pneumonia compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pneumonia · patients with COPD

The intervention showed no clear difference in pneumonia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pneumonia (labelled as an SAE) · stable COPD

Triple therapy probably leads to higher pneumonia (labelled as an SAE) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review