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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

65 questions · 76 findings · 17 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 29 · 38.2%GRADE not reported 7 · 9.2%Very low 15 · 19.7%Low 15 · 19.7%Moderate 7 · 9.2%High 3 · 3.9%

Metformin vs diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug

Placebo or diet and exercise · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes
2 findings from 1 review

Metformin vs diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug

Placebo or diet and exercise Description: SF‐36 to evaluate the health utility index SF‐6D (physical component summaries and mental component summaries) Minimal important difference: difference in scores between groups of at least 3% · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes
1 finding from 1 review

Metformin vs diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug

Placebo or diet and exercise Diagnostic criteria: 3 trials applied the WHO 1985 criteria (FPG <7.8 mmol/L and 2‐hour glucose ≥7.8 mmol/L and <11.1 mmol/L after a 75 g OGTT) (Fang 2004; Li 1999; Lu 2002). 5 trials applied the WHO 1999 criteria (FPG... · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

Summary of findings table for metformin probably leads to lower placebo or diet and exercise Diagnostic criteria: 3 trials applied… compared with diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Systemic 7‐methylxanthine vs placebo · children with myopia (nearsightedness)
1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsant vs placebo

Dropout · people with alcohol withdrawal

Anticonvulsant showed no clear difference in dropout ‐ Chlormethiazole vs. Placebo compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs pharmacological intervention

MiscarriageMet + CC + L‐carnitine vs Met + CC + placebo · obese women with subfertility

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention changes miscarriageMet + CC + L‐carnitine vs Met + CC + placebo compared with pharmacological intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs pharmacological intervention

Clinical pregnancyMetformin plus liraglutide vs metformin Met + CC + L‐carnitine vs Met + CC + placebo · obese women with subfertility

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention changes clinical pregnancyMetformin plus liraglutide vs metformin Met + CC +… compared with pharmacological intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs pharmacological intervention

Weight ‐ BMI changeMetformin plus liraglutide vs metformin Met + CC + L‐carnitine vs Met + CC + placebo Weight changeDexfenfluramine vs placebo Weight ‐ body fatMetformin plus liraglutide vs metformin · obese women with subfertility
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events 1. All adverse events 2. Drop‐outs due to adverse events 3. Severe hypoglycaemia a. Intervention vs placebo [1a. 24 weeks] [2a. 24 weeks to 56 weeks] b. Intervention vs metformin [1b. 6 months to 4 years] [2b. 24 weeks to 4 years] [... · participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events 1. All adverse events 2. Drop‐outs due to adverse… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review