Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

69 questions · 75 findings · 19 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 4 · 5.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 9 · 12%Low 31 · 41.3%Moderate 30 · 40%High 1 · 1.3%

Intervention not reported

PAIN INTENSITY · People with non‐specific low back pain presenting to healthcare, occupational, general or mixed populations Prognostic factor: Individual…

The intervention may leads to higher PAIN INTENSITY (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non‐specific low back pain: prognostic factor review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.15 [1.08, 1.23]
5 studies · 1510 participants
Low

bed rest vs advice to stay active

Pain intensity, long‐term · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 393 participants
Moderate

bed rest vs advice to stay active

Pain intensity, long‐term · patients with sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 330 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity: Short term · Patients with unknown duration of mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 180 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity: short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 108 participants
Low

bed rest vs advice to stay active

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 480 participants
Low

bed rest vs advice to stay active

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · patients with sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 346 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity ‐ short‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic mechanical neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Massage for mechanical neck disorders 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 106 participants
Low

Traction vs Placebo or no active treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Moderate

Traction vs another type of traction

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Traction vs any other treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 304 participants
Moderate

Physiotherapy with traction vs physiotherapy without traction

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 39 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity (VAS) short term · patients with chronic mechanical neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for neck disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 560 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity (VAS) short term · patients with chronic neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for neck disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 404 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity (VAS) short term · patients with chronic neck pain (pain for more than 90 days)

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for neck disorders 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain Intensity ‐ intermediate‐term · Patients with subacute/chronic neck pain with or without radicular symptoms and cervicogenic headache

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy for neck pain 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 269 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 330 participants
Moderate
Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 319 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity various scales long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments + other treatments vs other treatments alone

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 59 participants
Low
Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 405 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Pain intensity various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 64 participants
Low