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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

101 questions · 120 findings · 32 reviews

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No studies found 15 · 12.5%GRADE not reported 14 · 11.7%Very low 27 · 22.5%Low 39 · 32.5%Moderate 12 · 10%High 13 · 10.8%

Corticosteroids vs placebo

Pain resolution · patients with sore throat

Corticosteroids leads to higher complete resolution of pain at 24 hours compared with placebo (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Opioids vs placebo

Need for additional pain relief (6 to 8 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Opioid may leads to lower need for additional pain relief (6 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo

Additional pain relief · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

NSAID may leads to lower need for additional pain relief (5 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether aspirin changes need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Need for additional pain relief (up to 4 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

It is very uncertain whether paracetamol changes need for additional pain relief (up to 4 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review