Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

71 questions · 93 findings · 12 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 4 · 4.3%GRADE not reported 67 · 72%Very low 13 · 14%Low 6 · 6.5%Moderate 3 · 3.2%High 0 · 0%

Psychological intervention: structured telephone call (verbal follow‐up and reassurance) vs placebo or no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel) vs no treatment

Pain (VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel) versus No treatment (Kaya 2011): data not usable (medians presented with error bars). Text reports differences in clinical signs and symptoms between control and all 3 treatment groups…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Alvogyl vs SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel)

Pain (VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Alvogyl versus SaliCept (acemannan hydrogel) (Kaya 2011): data not usable (medians presented with error bars). Text reports differences in clinical signs and symptoms between control and all 3 treatment groups…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Alvogyl vs no treatment

Pain (VAS) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Alvogyl versus No treatment (Kaya 2011): data not usable (medians presented with error bars). Text reports differences in clinical signs and symptoms between control and all 3 treatment groups significant (P<0.05) at…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Acupuncture or acupressure vs placebo or no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Ice/cryotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

TENS vs placebo or no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) vs No active treatment (control)

Pain (VAS cm) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) led to lower pain (VAS cm) compared with control (no treatment); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Days 1-7 (day 7 shown)
MD -3.60 [-4.00, -3.20]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) vs Alvogyl

Pain (VAS cm) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) showed no clear difference in pain (VAS cm) compared with alvogyl; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Day 7 (also day 3)
MD -0.40 [-1.77, 0.97]
1 study · 44 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral cyclobenzaprine (muscle relaxant) vs placebo

Jaw pain (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral cyclobenzaprine (muscle relaxant) showed no clear difference in jaw pain (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 weeks
MD -1.30 [-2.67, 0.07]
1 study · 41 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) vs placebo

Jaw pain (VAS) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral clonazepam (benzodiazepine) showed no clear difference in jaw pain (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 weeks
MD -0.20 [-1.69, 1.29]
1 study · 41 participants
GRADE not reported

Zinc oxide and eugenol (ZOE) vs Alvogyl (old formulation)

Pain (VAS 0-10) · Adults (>18 years) with established dry socket following permanent tooth extraction

It is very uncertain whether zinc oxide eugenol changes pain (VAS 0-10) compared with alvogyl (old formulation) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Day 7
MD 1.40 [1.04, 1.75]
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Topical NSAID (ketoprofen lysinate mouthwash, 160 mg) vs Topical NSAID (benzidamine hydrochloride mouthwash, 22.5 mg)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain relief during orthodontic treatment 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
4 days (not usable)
One study (Lauritano 2000) compared ketoprofen 160 mg with benzidamine chloride 22.5 mg mouthwashes; it presented data at 4 days only, so the data could not be used in this review; no GRADE rating.
1 study
GRADE not reported

Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% vs clobetasol cream 0.05% cream

Pain reduction (VAS) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

Topical clobetasol propionate 0.025% showed no clear difference in pain reduction (VAS) compared with topical clobetasol propionate 0.05%; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -0.26 [-1.42, 0.90]
1 study · 30 participants
GRADE not reported

1% pimecrolimus cream vs Placebo (vehicle cream)

Pain reduction (VAS) · People with erosive oral lichen planus

1% pimecrolimus cream showed no clear difference in pain reduction (VAS) compared with placebo (vehicle cream); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -3.30 [-20.22, 13.62]
2 studies · 32 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adult patients aged >=18 years, clinically or radiographically diagnosed with TMD (McNeill 1997 criteria); moderate to severe pain of…

Oral celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor) showed no clear difference in pain intensity (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 weeks
MD 0.03 [-0.40, 0.45]
1 study · 68 participants
GRADE not reported

Naproxen vs placebo

Oral naproxen (NSAID) led to lower pain intensity (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 weeks
MD -1.70 [-2.14, -1.25]
1 study · 68 participants
GRADE not reported

Oral glucosamine hydrochloride/chondroitin sulphate vs placebo

Oral glucosamine hydrochloride/chondroitin sulphate showed no clear difference in pain intensity (VAS) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 months
MD -0.70 [-2.16, 0.76]
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Topical clobetasol propionate vs Topical tacrolimus

Pain (mean VAS score) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical clobetasol propionate showed no clear difference in pain (mean VAS score) compared with topical tacrolimus; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
end of treatment
MD 0.08 [-0.33, 0.49]
1 study · 68 participants
GRADE not reported

Topical triamcinolone acetonide vs Topical ciclosporin

Pain (mean VAS score) · People with symptomatic, biopsy-confirmed oral lichen planus (OLP); not concurrently receiving other OLP treatment

Topical triamcinolone acetonide showed no clear difference in pain (mean VAS score) compared with topical ciclosporin; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral lichen planus: corticosteroid therapies 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
end of treatment
MD -0.23 [-1.02, 0.56]
1 study · 139 participants
GRADE not reported