Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

279 questions · 310 findings · 38 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 49 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 180 · 58.1%Very low 63 · 20.3%Low 15 · 4.8%Moderate 3 · 1%High 0 · 0%

Any antifungal intervention for the treatment of oral candidiasis vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

Relief of pain · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with overt oral candidiasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention: structured telephone call (verbal follow‐up and reassurance) vs placebo or no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

Adverse effects including pain, gingivitis, enamel decalcification and root resorption · Participants who previously underwent orthodontic treatment, with subsequent crowding (relapse) of the lower front teeth (lower incisors…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hope-based intervention vs Pain education

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Hope-based intervention showed no clear difference in pain intensity compared with pain education; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

Improvement of pre-existing accompanying symptoms other than pain · People of any age and either sex, in any setting, with BRONJ; bisphosphonate exposure past or current; includes people with cancer and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical interventions (sucralfate, interferon-alpha, cyclosporin A) vs placebo

Pain associated with oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF (topical interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim): "5 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical interventions (sucralfate suspension (2 trials), interferon-alpha (2…
    Studies not reported
    GRADE not reported

Systemic interventions (aciclovir, thalidomide, corticosteroids, rebamipide, etanercept, colchicine, interferon-alpha) vs placebo

Pain associated with oral ulcers · People with Behcet's disease with a history of recurrent oral aphthous-type (RAS-type) ulcers diagnosed clinically; primary care
1 finding from 1 review
  • SoF 2 (systemic interventions vs placebo), grouped comment spanning all four listed outcomes (verbatim; the review's wording "topical" is a typo for systemic): "8 placebo-controlled trials evaluated topical…
    Studies not reported
    GRADE not reported

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower pain intensity (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Reduction in pain intensity · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to higher pain intensity (short term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Muscle palpation pain (long term) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… showed no clear difference in muscle palpation pain (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Long term (more than 3 months)
    Muscle palpation pain long term (greater than 3 months): 3 studies; results not pooled owing to substantial heterogeneity (I2=64%); insufficient evidence to draw conclusions for any individual intervention. One study…
    3 studies
    GRADE not reported

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, biofeedback, combination CBT/biofeedback, physical self-regulation/posture self-control) vs usual care

Pain severity - impact: activity interference / disability (long term) · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Psychosocial interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy,… led to lower pain severity - impact: activity interference / disability (long term) compared with usual care (conservative treatment: education, counselling,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

The wand (computer-controlled LA delivery system) vs other local anaesthetic

Patient perception: pain · Children and adolescents having dental treatment under local anaesthetic without general anaesthesia

The wand (computer-controlled LA delivery system) showed no clear difference in pain perception during the intervention (pooled) compared with traditional local anaesthetic; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Overall symptoms, pain and headache (relief from symptoms assessed by global measures) · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group)

Pain (assessed by the patient) · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any single tooth…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard care (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse) vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

Pain · People with BRONJ (mean age ~66 years; most treated with bisphosphonates for cancer (multiple myeloma, breast cancer) or osteoporosis)
1 finding from 1 review

Extraction of the primary (baby) canine (single primary tooth extraction) vs No extraction (non-intervention control)

Patient-reported outcomes (pain, discomfort and analgesic use) · Young people aged 9 to 14 years diagnosed with one or both palatally displaced permanent maxillary canines (PDC)
1 finding from 1 review