Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

73 questions · 79 findings · 13 reviews

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No studies found 11 · 13.9%GRADE not reported 3 · 3.8%Very low 32 · 40.5%Low 23 · 29.1%Moderate 7 · 8.9%High 3 · 3.8%

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs other opioids

Pain · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 130 participants
Low

Tramadol vs no treatment or placebo

Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs paracetamol

Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Fentanyl vs tramadol

Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NSAIDs vs opioid

Lack of pain relief · people with biliary colic

It is very uncertain whether non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs changes lack of pain relief compared with opioids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs for biliary colic 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.47, 2.07]
4 studies · 459 participants
Very low

Morphine vs fentanyl

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fentanyl vs sufentanil

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fentanyl vs remifentanil

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs diamorphine

Pain (PIPP) · neonates with mechanical ventilation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Diclofenac vs opioid

Reduction in pain intensity · children with acute postoperative pain

1 finding from 1 review

Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Diclofenac vs opioid

Relief of pain · children with acute postoperative pain

2 findings from 1 review

Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
50 participants
GRADE not reported
Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
50 participants
GRADE not reported

Epidural vs opioid

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour

Epidural may leads to higher satisfaction with pain relief ‐ proportion rating excellent or very… compared with opioids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.47 [1.03, 2.08]
7 studies · 1911 participants
Low

Epidural vs opioid

Maternal pain score measured during labour · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural versus non‐epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1133 participants
Low

Diclofenac vs opioid

Pain intensity ‐ as reported by child, at 2 to 24 hours № of participants: 300 (3 RCTs) · children with acute postoperative pain

1 finding from 1 review

Diclofenac for acute postoperative pain in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 2 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain relief at 30 mins

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain relief at 60 mins

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Maternla pain score measured in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score measured during labour

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Maternal pan score or pain measured in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low