Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

20 questions · 22 findings · 2 reviews · Back and Neck

No studies found 5 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 4 · 18.2%Low 2 · 9.1%Moderate 11 · 50%High 0 · 0%

Manipulation vs mobilisation

Acute, subacute and chronic neck pain Intermediate‐term · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain

Manipulation showed no clear difference in acute, subacute and chronic neck pain Intermediate‐term compared with mobilisation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High dose of manipulation vs low dose of manipulation

Chronic neck pain and CGH Intermediate‐term · patients with chronic neck pain with cervicogenic headache (CGH)

High dose of manipulation showed no clear difference in chronic neck pain and CGH Intermediate‐term compared with low dose of manipulation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation (thoracic) vs inactive control

Acute and subacute neck pain Short‐term · patients with acute, subacute and chronic neck pain

Manipulation (thoracic) showed no clear difference in acute and subacute neck pain Short‐term compared with inactive control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation (cervical) vs oral medicine

Acute and subacute neck pain Intermediate‐term · patients with acute and subacute neck pain

Manipulation (cervical) showed no clear difference in acute and subacute neck pain Intermediate‐term compared with oral medicine (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Back School vs joint manipulation

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain
2 findings from 1 review

Back School vs combined myofascial therapy and joint manipulation

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · participants with acute or subacute low‐back pain
2 findings from 1 review