What do systematic reviews say?

Capecitabine vs 5‐FU‐containing regimens

Capecitabine showed no clear difference in overall Survival compared with 5‐FU‐containing regimens (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.79, 1.11]
  5 studies · 732 participants
  Moderate

Oxaliplatin vs the same regimen including cisplatin

Oxaliplatin may leads to lower overall Survival compared with the same regimen including cisplatin (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.67, 0.98]
  5 studies · 1105 participants
  Low

Taxane‐platinum‐fluoropyrimidine combinations vs taxane‐platinum (without fluoropyrimidine)

It is very uncertain whether taxane‐platinum‐fluoropyrimidine combinations changes overall survival compared with taxane‐platinum (without fluoropyrimidine) (very low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.86 [0.71, 1.06]
  3 studies · 482 participants
  Very low

S‐1 vs 5‐FU‐containing regimens

S‐1 showed no clear difference in overall Survival compared with 5‐FU‐containing regimens (high certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.91 [0.83, 1]
  4 studies · 1793 participants
  High

5‐FU/cisplatin/anthracycline combinations vs 5‐FU/cisplatin combinations (without anthracyclines)

5‐FU/cisplatin/anthracycline combinations probably leads to lower overall survival compared with 5‐FU/cisplatin combinations (without anthracyclines) (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.74 [0.61, 0.89]
  4 studies · 579 participants
  Moderate

Irinotecan‐based regimens vs irinotecan

Irinotecan‐based regimens showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with irinotecan (low certainty).

• Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.91 [0.79, 1.04]
  6 studies · 2615 participants
  Low

Irinotecan + oxaliplatin vs irinotecan

Irinotecan + oxaliplatin probably leads to lower overall survival compared with irinotecan (moderate certainty).

• Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.78 [0.67, 0.9]
  1 study · 627 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (high certainty).

• Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following high‐dose chemotherapy for nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.26 [0.7, 2.29]
  1 study · 83 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower overall survival (high certainty).

• Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the initial management of primary epithelial ovarian cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.72, 0.9]
  8 studies · 2026 participants
  High

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Non‐platinum therapies probably leads to lower overall survival compared with platinum combination (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.76
  13 studies · 13 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Positron emission tomography‐adapted therapy for first‐line treatment in individuals with Hodgkin lymphoma 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1480 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower overall survival1 (high certainty).

• Chemotherapy with cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone for chemotherapy‐naive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.79, 0.96]
  4 studies · 2018 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (moderate certainty).

• High‐dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation versus chemotherapy or immuno‐chemotherapy for follicular… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.97 [0.76, 1.22]
  3 studies · 701 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) ‐ Network (subnet 1) included 19 pairwise… (moderate certainty).

• First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.5, 1.07]
  17 studies · 9705 participants
  Moderate

Sunitinib vs atezolizumab + bevacizumab (targeted agent versus immunotherapy + targeted agent)

It is very uncertain whether sunitinib changes overall survival(absolute effect size estimates based on survival… compared with atezolizumab + bevacizumab (targeted agent versus immunotherapy +… (very low certainty).

• Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.73, 1.33]
  2 studies · 1117 participants
  Very low

Sunitinib vs avelumab + axitinib (targeted agent versus immunotherapy + targeted agent)

Sunitinib showed no clear difference in overall survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival… compared with avelumab + axitinib (targeted agent versus immunotherapy + targeted… (low certainty).

• Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.28 [0.92, 1.79]
  1 study · 886 participants
  Low

Sunitinib vs pembrolizumab + axitinib (targeted agent versus immunotherapy + targeted agent)

Sunitinib probably leads to higher overall survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival… compared with pembrolizumab + axitinib (targeted agent versus immunotherapy +… (moderate certainty).

• Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.9 [1.36, 2.65]
  1 study · 861 participants
  Moderate

Sunitinib vs IFN‐α (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy)

Sunitinib showed no clear difference in overall survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival… compared with interferon‐α (IFN‐α) (targeted agent versus classic immunotherapy) (low certainty).

• Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.82 [0.67, 1]
  1 study · 750 participants
  Low

Sunitinib vs atezolizumab (targeted therapy versus immunotherapy)

It is very uncertain whether sunitinib changes overall survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival… compared with atezolizumab (targeted therapy versus immunotherapy) (very low certainty).

• Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.58, 1.54]
  1 study · 204 participants
  Very low

Bevacizumab + IFN vs IFN (+ placebo) (targeted agent + classic immunotherapy versus classic immunotherapy)

Bevacizumab + IFN may leads to lower overall survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival… compared with IFN (+ placebo) (targeted agent + classic immunotherapy versus… (low certainty).

• Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.79, 0.99]
  2 studies · 1381 participants
  Low