It is very uncertain whether extended changes overall survival (3‐year compared with standard lymph node resection (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and hydroxycamptothecin (rAd‐p53/HCT) changes overall survival Censored compared with hydroxycamptothecin (very low certainty).
Summary of findings table: chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s)… leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (high certainty).
Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or… leads to lower overall survival compared with BSC (high certainty).
Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).
Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s)… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).
Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent… leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (high certainty).
Oral showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with intravenous fluoropyrimidines (high certainty).
EGFR monoclonal antibody (cetuximab or nimotuzumab) plus standard… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib, gefitinib or lapatinib) plus… changes overall survival compared with standard therapy alone (radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) (very low certainty).
Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival among all patients compared with primary surgery (high certainty).
Perioperative chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival by tumor site ‐ Stomach compared with primary surgery (high certainty).
Perioperative chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival by tumor site ‐ Esophagus compared with primary surgery (high certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adjuvant S‐1 changes all‐cause mortality: 1‐year overall survival compared with gemcitabine (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether adjuvant S‐1 changes all‐cause mortality: 2‐year overall survival compared with gemcitabine (very low certainty).
Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival by tumor site ‐ GE junction compared with primary surgery (high certainty).
Perioperative chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival by type of data ‐ Aggregated data compared with primary surgery (moderate certainty).
Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival by type of data ‐ Individual patient data compared with primary surgery (high certainty).
Perioperative chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival by chemo‐/radiotherapy ‐ Chemotherapy only compared with primary surgery (high certainty).