What do systematic reviews say?

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) vs stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT

Surgery plus whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with stereotactic radiosurgery plus WBRT (low certainty).

• Surgery versus stereotactic radiotherapy for people with single or solitary brain metastasis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.53 [0.2, 1.42]
  1 study · 21 participants
  Low

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab) vs adjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab) vs neoadjuvant immunotherapy (sequential treatment with ipilimumab then nivolumab)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Anti‐EGFR therapy vs placebo or usual care

Anti‐EGFR therapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ first‐line studies compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• Anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor therapy for glioblastoma in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.89 [0.76, 1.04]
  3 studies · 1000 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by maintenance bevacizumab showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.97 [0.88, 1.07]
  2 studies · 2776 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab followed by bevacizumab maintenance showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.9 [0.79, 1.02]
  3 studies · 1564 participants
  Moderate

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (high dose interferon) plus chemotherapy vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Newly‐diagnosed EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs placebo (maintenance therapy)

Summary of findings table ‐ Newly‐diagnosed EOC: PARPi monotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with placebo (maintenance therapy) (moderate certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.59, 1.13]
  2 studies · 1124 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy probably leads to higher overall survival ‐ 5FU compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.69 [1.26, 2.27]
  1 study · 126 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy with TKI (peptide‐Fc fusion protein) followed by TKI maintenance vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with TKI (peptide‐Fc fusion protein) followed by TKI… showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.79, 1.25]
  1 study · 1015 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi… showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.95 [0.62, 1.47]
  2 studies · 331 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi monotherapy vs placebo (maintenance therapy)

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi… showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with placebo after chemotherapy (maintenance therapy) (moderate certainty).

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.65, 1.2]
  2 studies · 560 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC: PARPi with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

• Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Anti‐EGFR therapy vs placebo or usual care

Anti‐EGFR therapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ recurrent disease studies compared with placebo or standard of care (low certainty).

• Anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor therapy for glioblastoma in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.79 [0.51, 1.21]
  4 studies · 489 participants
  Low

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs WBRT

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with WBRT (moderate certainty).

• Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.82 [0.65, 1.02]
  2 studies · 358 participants
  Moderate

Anti‐leukaemic therapy plus alemtuzumab vs anti‐leukaemic therapy without alemtuzumab (anti‐leukaemic therapy not identical

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Alemtuzumab for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ CO‐101 compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.07 [0.86, 1.34]
  1 study · 367 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ ZD9331 compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.86 [0.42, 1.76]
  1 study · 55 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s)… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.63, 0.85]
  5 studies · 358 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent… leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (high certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.75 [0.63, 0.9]
  6 studies · 989 participants
  High