What do systematic reviews say?

TG4010 added to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

TG4010 added to chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.83 [0.65, 1.05]
  2 studies · 370 participants
  Low

Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with bevacizumab leads to lower overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (high certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.61, 0.86]
  5 studies · 778 participants
  High

Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy may leads to lower overall survival compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting therapy for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.77 [0.62, 0.95]
  1 study · 452 participants
  Low

Taxane‐containing chemotherapy vs any chemotherapy without taxane

Taxane‐containing chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival compared with any chemotherapy without taxane (high certainty).

• Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.83, 0.92]
  27 studies · 39180 participants
  High

High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents, and young… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

First‐line chemotherapy vs BSC

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 65 participants
  Very low

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

ATRA in addition to chemotherapy showed no clear difference in mortality (instead of overall survival) compared with chemotherapy only (moderate certainty).

• Effects of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in addition to chemotherapy for adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.87, 1.02]
  7 studies · 2985 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line… probably leads to lower overall survival compared with control intervention alone (moderate certainty).

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.71 [0.54, 0.94]
  4 studies · 769 participants
  Moderate

Post‐surgical chemotherapy vs surgery

Post‐surgical chemotherapy leads to lower overall Survival (OS) compared with surgery alone (high certainty).

• Post‐surgical chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastric cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.85 [0.8, 0.9]
  34 studies · 7523 participants
  High

Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Anti‐EGFR antibody plus chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.93 [0.74, 1.18]
  4 studies · 658 participants
  Moderate

Anti‐angiogenic drugs plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Anti‐angiogenic drugs plus chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.6 [0.45, 0.81]
  324 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings 1: PLD with chemotherapy vs alternative combination chemotherapy

Summary of findings 1: PLD with chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with alternative combination chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.93 [0.83, 1.04]
  5 studies · 2006 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy probably leads to higher overall survival ‐ 5FU compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.69 [1.26, 2.27]
  1 study · 126 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy with TKI followed by TKI maintenance vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with TKI followed by TKI maintenance showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.86 [0.67, 1.11]
  1 study · 282 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy with TKI (peptide‐Fc fusion protein) vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with TKI (peptide‐Fc fusion protein) showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.92 [0.8, 1.06]
  3 studies · 1250 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy with TKI followed by TKI maintenance vs chemotherapy alone

Chemotherapy with TKI followed by TKI maintenance showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.84, 1.17]
  2 studies · 1451 participants
  Moderate

Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.65, 1.01]
  1157 participants
  Low

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) plus chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Epidermal growth factor receptor blockers for the treatment of ovarian cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.25 [0.8, 1.95]
  1 study · 129 participants
  Low

Apatinib plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy/brachytherapy vs chemotherapy or chemotherapy/brachytherapy

Apatinib plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy/brachytherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy or chemotherapy/brachytherapy (low certainty).

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting therapy for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.9 [0.51, 1.6]
  1 study · 52 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ CO‐101 compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.07 [0.86, 1.34]
  1 study · 367 participants
  Moderate