What do systematic reviews say?

Chemotherapy (any regimen; added to, or compared with, locoregional treatment) vs Locoregional treatment and/or an alternative chemotherapy regimen

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Harms/toxicity were planned but very little quantitative data suitable for analysis were found; toxicity reported narratively and not quantified or GRADE-rated.
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic… showed no clear difference in side effects or other adverse events compared with placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) (low certainty).

• Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in patients with haemophilia or Von Willebrand disease… 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Up to 10 days postoperative
  RD 0.034 [-0.32, 0.38]
  2 studies · 59 participants
  Low

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs Placebo mouthwash

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA)… showed no clear difference in side effects or other adverse events requiring withdrawal compared with placebo (placebo solution/mouthwash) (moderate certainty).

• Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or… 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7 days
  RD 0.00 [-0.04, 0.04]
  2 studies · 128 participants
  Moderate

Full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling plus photodynamic therapy vs full‐mouth ultrasonic scaling alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatment of dental and orthodontic complications in thalassaemia 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Amifostine vs no treatment/placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Alopecia, skin toxicity, hot flush, drowsiness, sneezing, hiccupping, dizziness and fatigue reported narratively or only for the amifostine group; insufficient evidence of a difference
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs no treatment/placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No evidence of a difference for any other adverse event (nausea, vomiting, chilling, headache, lacrimation, dysphasia, weakness, nervousness, rhinitis, blurred vision, urinary frequency, dizziness, palpitation, skin…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

CBT vs audiological care (tinnitus education and rehabilitation

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 410 participants
  Moderate

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 42 participants
  Low

CBT vs other experimental control

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 595 participants
  Low

CBT vs no treatment or waiting list

• Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 447 participants
  Moderate

Sulthiame vs levetiracetam

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in adverse effects (others) compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

• Sulthiame monotherapy for epilepsy 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.37, 3.85]
  1 study · 43 participants
  Low

RISPERIDONE vs ECT

• Antipsychotics for schizophrenia spectrum disorders with catatonic symptoms 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 14 participants
  GRADE not reported

Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention

• Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 109 participants
  Low