What do systematic reviews say?

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

• Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 211 participants
  Very low

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes nicotine patch + bupropion vs nicotine patch + placebo Smoking… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Tobacco cessation interventions for young people 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.41, 2.69]
  1 study · 211 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine EC (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.79 [0.5, 1.23]
  7 studies · 1642 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher nicotine EC (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.37 [1.73, 3.24]
  16 studies · 3828 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine patch (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.96 [0.71, 1.29]
  27 studies · 12602 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher nicotine patch (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.37 [1.2, 1.56]
  105 studies · 37319 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine tapering (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.14 [1, 1.29]
  111 studies · 33156 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.16 [0.74, 1.8]
  8 studies · 1094 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.07 [0.75, 1.54]
  18 studies · 5551 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.41 [1.29, 1.55]
  120 studies · 31756 participants
  High