What do systematic reviews say?

Diet vs physical activity or standard treatment

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 530 participants
  Very low

Diet vs physical activity or standard treatment

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 530 participants
  Very low

Dietary advice vs dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements

Dietary advice showed no clear difference in mortality compared with dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements (low certainty).

• Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.47, 1.8]
  10 studies · 777 participants
  Low

Dietary advice plus supplements vs no dietary advice plus no supplements

Dietary advice plus supplements showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no dietary advice plus no supplements (low certainty).

• Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.55, 1.52]
  7 studies · 797 participants
  Low

Post‐haemodialysis dietary supplement vs normal diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Dietary interventions for mineral and bone disorder in people with chronic kidney disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Weight‐reducing diets vs no weight‐reducing diets

• Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing diets in people with hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 845 participants
  Very low

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention

Mediterranean dietary intervention showed no clear difference in CVD mortality compared with another dietary intervention (low certainty).

• Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.5, 1.32]
  1 study · 7447 participants
  Low

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mediterranean dietary intervention vs another dietary intervention

Mediterranean dietary intervention showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with another dietary intervention (low certainty).

• Mediterranean‐style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1 [0.81, 1.24]
  1 study · 7447 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs no advice

Dietary advice showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no advice (low certainty).

• Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.26, 2.96]
  7 studies · 574 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs oral nutritional supplements

Dietary advice showed no clear difference in mortality compared with oral nutritional supplements (low certainty).

• Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.34, 1.26]
  8 studies · 576 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes)

• Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 423 participants
  Low

Dietary interventions vs control

Dietary intervention showed no clear difference in mortality compared with control (low certainty).

• Dietary interventions for adult cancer survivors 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.98 [0.77, 1.23]
  1 study · 3107 participants
  Low

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs higher GI or GL diets

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) diets vs any other diet

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for people with overweight or obesity 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Low‐GI dietary advice vs moderate‐ to high‐GI dietary advice (child outcomes)

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice plus supplements vs no advice

Dietary advice plus supplements if required showed no clear difference in mortality compared with no advice (low certainty).

• Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease‐related malnutrition in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.58, 1.16]
  15 studies · 1261 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (neonatal/child/adulthood outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found