Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

155 questions · 159 findings · 87 reviews

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No studies found 18 · 11.3%GRADE not reported 7 · 4.4%Very low 42 · 26.4%Low 44 · 27.7%Moderate 41 · 25.8%High 7 · 4.4%

self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

self‐management of oral anticoagulation probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.36, 0.84]
8 studies · 3058 participants
Moderate

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring or self‐management of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.01]
11 studies · 6358 participants
Moderate

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · Patients on long‐term anticoagulant therapy (treatment duration longer than two months) irrespective of the indication for treatment

Self‐monitoring of oral anticoagulation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐monitoring and self‐management of oral anticoagulation 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.15]
3 studies · 3300 participants
Moderate

Professional oral care vs Usual oral care

Mortality (all‐cause) · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

1 finding from 1 review

Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
12-30 months
All-cause mortality, follow-up 12-30 months, 3764 (3 studies), Very low. Not pooled. Adachi RR 0.80 (0.40 to 1.58; 88); Juthani-Mehta HR 1.16 (0.88 to 1.53; 834); Zimmerman adjusted IRR 0.83 (0.61 to 1.12; 1606).…
3 studies · 3764 participants
Very low

Exercise vs no exercise at longest available follow‐up

All‐cause mortality ( · adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator

It is very uncertain whether exercise changes all‐cause mortality ( compared with no exercise at longest available follow‐up (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.65, 2.14]
3 studies · 332 participants
Very low

General anaesthesia vs non‐general anaesthesia

Stroke‐related mortality · acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment (long‐term)

General anaesthesia showed no clear difference in stroke‐related mortality compared with non‐general anaesthesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Type of anaesthesia for acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.64, 1.22]
6 studies · 843 participants
Low

Orlistat vs placebo

Total mortality · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1488 participants
Low

Naltrexone/bupropion vs placebo

Total mortality · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension

Naltrexone/bupropion showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.7, 1.4]
1 study · 8283 participants
Moderate

Phentermine/topiramate vs placebo

Total mortality · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing drugs in people with hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1305 participants
Low

Weight‐reducing diets vs no weight‐reducing diets

Total mortality · Men and non‐pregnant women ≥ 18 years old with essential hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐term effects of weight‐reducing diets in people with hypertension 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 845 participants
Very low

High vs low long‐chain omega‐3 fats

All‐cause mortality – deaths · adults with or without existing CVD

High showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality – deaths compared with low long‐chain omega‐3 fats (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.93, 1.01]
45 studies · 143693 participants
High

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

Maternal and neonatal mortality · women with management of intra‐amniotic infection

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Professional oral care vs Usual oral care

Mortality (pneumonia-associated) · Residents of nursing homes and other long-term care facilities

Professional oral care may leads to lower mortality (pneumonia-associated) compared with usual oral care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral care measures for preventing nursing home‐acquired pneumonia 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 months
RR 0.43 [0.25, 0.76]
2 studies · 454 participants
Low