What do systematic reviews say?

Aromatase inhibitors vs anti‐oestrogens

Aromatase inhibitors showed no clear difference in miscarriage rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.91 [0.47, 1.77]
  3 studies · 967 participants
  Low

Gonadotropins with GnRH agonists vs gonadotropins alone

It is very uncertain whether gonadotropins with GnRH agonists changes miscarriage rate per couple compared with gonadotropins alone (very low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.07 [0.18, 24.15]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Gonadotropins with GnRH antagonist vs gonadotropins alone

Gonadotropins with GnRH antagonist showed no clear difference in miscarriage rate per couple compared with gonadotropins alone (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.37 [0.84, 2.22]
  9 studies · 2054 participants
  Low

Aromatase inhibitors vs gonadotropins alone

Aromatase inhibitors may leads to lower miscarriage rate per couple compared with gonadotropins (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.53 [0.3, 0.92]
  2 studies · 650 participants
  Low

Aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins

It is very uncertain whether aromatase inhibitors with gonadotropins changes miscarriage rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens with gonadotropins (very low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.44 [0.75, 2.77]
  7 studies · 1164 participants
  Very low

Gonadotropins vs anti‐oestrogens

Gonadotropins showed no clear difference in miscarriage rate per couple compared with anti‐oestrogens (low certainty).

• Agents for ovarian stimulation for intrauterine insemination (IUI) in ovulatory women with infertility 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.25 [0.88, 1.77]
  6 studies · 2002 participants
  Low

Swim‐up technique vs wash and centrifugation

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Gradient technique vs wash and centrifugation

It is very uncertain whether gradient technique changes miscarriage rate per couple compared with wash and centrifugation (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 6.11 [0.27, 138.45]
  1 study · 31 participants
  Very low

Swim‐up technique vs gradient technique

It is very uncertain whether swim‐up technique changes miscarriage rate per couple compared with gradient technique (very low certainty).

• Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.85 [0.28, 2.59]
  3 studies · 330 participants
  Very low