Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

9 questions · 9 findings · 4 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 22.2%Low 7 · 77.8%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Doppler vs routine Pinard (outcomes

Instrumental vaginal birth · women in established labour and their babies.

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal birth compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intensive Pinard vs routine Pinard (outcomes

Instrumental vaginal birth · women in established labour and their babies.

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal birth compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal well‐being ‐ Intermittent electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) vs routine Pinard (outcomes

Instrumental vaginal birth · women in established labour and their babies.

Intermittent ausculation of fetal heart rate in labour for fetal… showed no clear difference in instrumental vaginal birth compared with routine Pinard (outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) vs expectant management

Instrumental vaginal birth · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.

It is very uncertain whether planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) changes instrumental vaginal birth compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hands and knees posture vs other postures

Operative birth (caesarean or instrumental vaginal) · fetal malposition in labour

Hands and knees posture showed no clear difference in operative birth (composite outcome defined as caesarean section,… compared with other postures (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review