What do systematic reviews say?

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

• Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 122 participants
  Very low

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Moderate

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

• Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 73 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin C vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin C for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Yoga vs no breathing exercises

• Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 45 participants
  Moderate

Diaphragmatic breathing vs no breathing exercises

• Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Moderate

Upper limb exercise training vs No upper limb training

• Upper limb exercise training for COPD 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 126 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamins C and E for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pursed lip breathing vs no breathing exercises

• Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 60 participants
  Low

Vitamin C vs placebo

• Vitamin C for asthma and exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 201 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Optimal intensity and type of leg exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 212 participants
  Moderate