Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

15 questions · 17 findings · 10 reviews · Airways

No studies found 4 · 23.5%GRADE not reported 1 · 5.9%Very low 5 · 29.4%Low 3 · 17.6%Moderate 4 · 23.5%High 0 · 0%

Remote monitoring plus usual care vs usual care

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether remote monitoring plus usual care changes mortality (all‐cause) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Supervised maintenance programme following pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Anti‐cytokine, all‐cause mortality ‐ uncertain risk of bias · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes mortality (all‐cause) overall analysis compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Respiratory‐related mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in respiratory‐related mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Non‐invasive ventilation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · Patients admitted to hospital with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure due to an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…

Non‐invasive ventilation probably leads to lower mortality compared with usual medical care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review