Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

108 questions · 115 findings · 61 reviews

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No studies found 22 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 4 · 3.5%Very low 23 · 20%Low 36 · 31.3%Moderate 21 · 18.3%High 9 · 7.8%

Case management vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with heart failure

Case management may leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.68, 0.9]
26 studies · 6903 participants
Low

Clinic‐based intervention vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · adults with heart failure

Clinic‐based intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Disease management interventions for heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.1]
7 studies · 1686 participants
Low

PAP therapy vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · heart failure associated with central sleep apnoea

It is very uncertain whether PAP therapy changes all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.54, 1.21]
6 studies · 1804 participants
Very low

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with stable angina pectoris

It is very uncertain whether exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation changes all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with stable angina 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.18, 5.67]
3 studies · 195 participants
Very low

Protocol using standard measures such as CVP vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with perioperative fluid optimization

Protocol using standard measures such as CVP showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.81 [0.61, 12.81]
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with perioperative fluid optimization

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.45 [0.07, 2.95]
3 studies · 213 participants
Low

A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention vs usual care

Inpatient mortality

It is very uncertain whether A multi‐component delirium prevention intervention changes inpatient mortality compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.56, 1.43]
3 studies · 859 participants
Very low

Nurse‐led titration vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Nurse‐led titration probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nurse‐led titration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta‐adrenergic blocking agents, and angiotensin… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.48, 0.92]
6 studies · 902 participants
Moderate

Corticosteroids vs placebo or usual care

Long‐term mortalityc · children and adults with sepsis

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in long‐term mortalityc compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.03]
7 studies · 6236 participants
Low

Pulmonary rehabilitation vs usual care

Mortality (to end of · post‐exacerbation COPD

Pulmonary rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality (to end of compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulmonary rehabilitation following exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.68 [0.28, 1.67]
6 studies · 670 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to LRTI · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality due to LRTI compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.86, 1.12]
9 studies · 1098538 participants
Low

Remote monitoring vs usual care

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether remote monitoring changes mortality (all‐cause) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.68 [0.37, 1.25]
6 studies · 798 participants
Very low

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Total mortalityDeaths · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in total mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.77, 1.05]
23 studies · 7776 participants
Moderate

Action plan vs usual care

Mortality (all‐cause) · acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Action plan showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Action plans with brief patient education for exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Odds ratio 0.88 [0.59, 1.31]
4 studies · 1134 participants
Moderate

Motor imaging vs usual care

Mortality – all causes · people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for motor rehabilitation in people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs (Optimised) usual care

Mortality (at 4 months) · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare

It is very uncertain whether supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation changes mortality (at 4 months) compared with usual care: mainly (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.34, 1.76]
2 studies · 275 participants
Very low

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living

Mortality (at 4 months) · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality (at 4 months) compared with usual care: people living (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.7, 1.56]
1 study · 240 participants
Low

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Cardiac mortalityDeaths · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation may leads to lower cardiac mortalityDeaths compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.63, 0.98]
11 studies · 4792 participants
Low

Vitamin A vs placebo or usual care

Mortality due to measles · children aged between 6 months and 5 years

Vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in mortality due to measles compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.69, 1.11]
6 studies · 1088261 participants
Low

Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care

Death at hospital discharge · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture

Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation showed no clear difference in mortality (at discharge) compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.58, 1.04]
11 studies · 2455 participants
Low