Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventionsFunctional ability · adults with chronic low‐back pain2 findings from 1 reviewSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted6 studies · 1402 participantsHighSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted6 studies · 1323 participantsModerate
Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventionsDisability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with chronic low‐back pain1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted4 studies · 1418 participantsHigh
Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventionsDisability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · Patients with acute low‐back pain2 findings from 1 reviewSpinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted2 studies · 205 participantsModerateSpinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 178 participantsLow
Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventionsDisability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · Patients with acute low‐back pain2 findings from 1 reviewSpinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 241 participantsLowSpinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted3 studies · 681 participantsModerate
Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMTFunctional ability · patients with chronic LBP2 findings from 1 reviewSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 51 participantsVery lowSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 55 participantsVery low
Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMTDisability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · patients with chronic LBP1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 65 participantsVery low
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention aloneFunctional ability · patients with chronic LBP2 findings from 1 reviewSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted2 studies · 156 participantsLowSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 994 participantsHigh
Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention aloneDisability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · patients with chronic LBP1 finding from 1 reviewSpinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted2 studies · 1078 participantsHigh