Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

21 questions · 26 findings · 4 reviews · Stroke

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 11 · 42.3%Very low 14 · 53.8%Low 1 · 3.8%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions (antidepressants) changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end treatment… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Co‐morbid depression · stroke survivors with anxiety
1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke
2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: meeting study criteria for depression at end of · people with depression after stroke

Pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… may leads to lower depression: meeting the criteria for depression at end of treatment… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: mean scores at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological intervention and a form of psychotherapy (combination) vs pharmacological intervention and usual care or attention control (single)

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation and pharmacological intervention (combination) vs a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care (single)

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological intervention and non‐invasive brain stimulation… changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with a pharmacological intervention and sham stimulation or usual care… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐invasive brain stimulation vs usual care with or without sham interventions

Depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment (primary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether non‐invasive brain stimulation changes depression: < 50% reduction in scale scores at end of treatment… compared with sham non‐invasive brain stimulation and/or usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review