What do systematic reviews say?

Psychological health: Depression End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

Depressive symptoms · patients with mental health disorders

Depression (6 months or more) MADRS measured 6 months after intervention (Aljumah 2015). PHQ‐9 measured 6 months after intervention (LeBlanc 2015). QIDS‐J measured 6 months after intervention (Aoki 2019a). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HA... · patients with mental health disorders

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · adult ICU patients and their carers

Depression (lower scores mean less depression) · adult ICU patients and their carers

Psychological health: Depression End of intervention · Informal caregivers of adults with diagnosed illnesses

Health status and quality of life · older patients with multi‐morbidity

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

Clinical outcomes: depression Multimodal/complex interventiong versus usual care · cancer patients

Anxiety (adverse effect, post‐intervention)

Anxiety and depression

Health literacy – (1) Depression literacy · migrants

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

Self‐efficacy – Self‐efficacy to identify need for treatmentfor depression · migrants

Depression BSI Patients · patients and carers

Health outcome – Depression · migrants

Depression [2] (continuous outcomes)

Psychological distress Measures: ‐ Parenting Stress Index (PSI‐SF) ‐ Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI) ‐ PSI anxiety sub‐scale ‐ State anxiety inventory ‐ Center for Epidemological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) ‐ Profile of Mood State Inventory (... · parents and carers of children with complex needs

Any depression Multiple measures used. CES‐D (Blanchard 1996; Kozachik 2001; Kuijer 2004; Kurtz 2005; McCorkle 2007). POMS Depression subscale (Bultz 2000; Campbell 2007). HADS‐D (Nicolaisen 2018; Robertson 2016). Additional study (reported in com... · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer

Any depression Multiple measures used. CES‐D (Blanchard 1996;McCorkle 2007). POMS Depression subscale (Bultz 2000). HADS‐D (Nicolaisen 2018; Robertson 2016). Higher scores indicate higher levels of depression. Folllow‐up: Three to six months post‐... · informal caregivers of people affected by cancer