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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

417 questions · 819 findings · 72 reviews

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No studies found 9 · 1.1%GRADE not reported 759 · 92.7%Very low 39 · 4.8%Low 5 · 0.6%Moderate 6 · 0.7%High 1 · 0.1%

Socioeconomic status category vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

High SES showed no significant association with dental caries (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.31; 5 studies; not GRADE-rated).

2 findings from 1 review

Electronic cigarette use vs Non-smokers

DMFT/DMFS index (dental caries experience) · Humans who use e-cigarettes (adolescents to adults) assessed for dental caries

A meta-analysis of 3 studies compared DMFT/DMFS in e-cigarette users vs non-smokers, but the pooled effect appears only in Figure 3A (unavailable) and heterogeneity was very high (I2=98%); the effect of vaping on dental caries remains unclear (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Socioeconomic status category vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with middle SES) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Middle SES showed no significant association with dental caries (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.10; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Genome-wide common variants (additive dosage; present-study GWAS) vs Genome-wide significance threshold (P<5E-8)

Dental caries - genome-wide-significant loci · Japanese adults (present-study cohort: 30,859 dental caries cases / 14,666 controls)

The present Japanese GWAS found no genome-wide-significant loci for dental caries (top suggestive rs140784657); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies two novel loci associated with dental caries. 2024 All outcomes
    Lifelong (germline genotype) · Population-based genetic association study (Japanese direct-to-consumer genetic testing cohort) · Present-study GWAS (Japanese)
    In the present Japanese GWAS, no loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5E-8) for dental caries; several loci reached the suggestive level (P<1E-5). Top-associated variant rs140784657 (intergenic). All 47 lead…
    1 study · 45525 participants
    GRADE not reported

TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CT/CC genotype vs TT genotype (dominant model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries for mixed dentition caries under the dominant (CT/CC vs TT) model (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.33); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CC genotype vs TT genotype (homozygous model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries in Asians under the homozygous (CC vs TT) model (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.55 to 3.50); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CC genotype vs CT/TT genotype (recessive model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries for mixed dentition caries under the recessive (CC vs CT/TT) model (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.29); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs C allele vs T allele (allele contrast model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries in Caucasians under the allele contrast (C vs T) model (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.50); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism in the VDR gene (C allele / variant genotype) vs CT genotype vs TT genotype (heterozygous model)

Dental caries susceptibility · Children and adults (no age limit) assessed for dental caries susceptibility

No significant association between the TaqI (rs731236 T>C) polymorphism and dental caries in Caucasians under the heterozygous (CT vs TT) model (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.56); ungraded.

6 findings from 1 review
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Good brushing habits (>=2 daily tooth brushing) vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Good brushing habits (>=2 daily) were associated with 35% lower odds of dental caries (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.92; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal education attainment vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with primary maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Primary maternal education was associated with 25% higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.54; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal education attainment vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with no formal maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

No formal maternal education showed a non-significant trend toward higher odds of dental caries (OR 1.34, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.36; 3 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Sugary drinks/sweets consumption vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with sugary drinks/sweets consumption) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Sugary drinks/sweets consumption was associated with about twice the odds of dental caries in LMIC children (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.60; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver help with child tooth brushing vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Caregiver help with tooth brushing was associated with 65% lower odds of dental caries (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.93; 3 studies; very high heterogeneity; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Maternal education attainment vs Children without dental caries

Dental caries (association with secondary/higher maternal education) · Children (deciduous and/or permanent dentition) in low- and middle-income countries

Secondary/higher maternal education showed no significant association with dental caries (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.44; 7 studies; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

rs10974056 effect allele A (intron variant in GLIS3, chr9:3,889,264) vs Non-effect allele C

Dental caries · Adults from Japanese and European cohorts (present-study Japanese direct-to-consumer cohort + GLIDE consortium and UK Biobank European…

Meta-analysis identified a novel genome-wide-significant locus for dental caries at rs10974056 in GLIS3 (P=3.93E-08); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

rs4801882 effect allele G (intron variant in SIGLEC5, chr19:52,127,053) vs Non-effect allele A

Dental caries · Adults from Japanese and European cohorts (present-study Japanese direct-to-consumer cohort + GLIDE consortium and UK Biobank European…

Meta-analysis identified a novel genome-wide-significant locus for dental caries at rs4801882 in SIGLEC5 (P=1.71E-08); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review