Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

13 questions · 14 findings · 5 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 2 · 14.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 7 · 50%Moderate 2 · 14.3%High 3 · 21.4%

Pulse vs continuous dexamethasone therapy

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Pulse may leads to higher death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' PMA compared with continuous dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower vs higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Lower showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA compared with higher cumulative dose dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Individual tailored vs continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Individual tailored showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA compared with continuous tapered dexamethasone regimen (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Later vs earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Later showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks' PMA compared with earlier initiation of dexamethasone therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the intent to rapidly extubate (InSurE)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with surfactant administration via endotracheal tube (ETT) with the… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs no surfactant administration

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared with no surfactant administration (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via laryngeal mask airway (S‐LMA) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) vs surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT)

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Surfactant administration via thin catheter (S‐TC) probably leads to lower death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks' postmenstrual… compared with surfactant administration through an endotracheal tube (S‐ETT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled NO vs control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks ‐ Studies with entry… compared with control (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled NO vs control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · respiratory failure in preterm infants

Inhaled NO showed no clear difference in death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks ‐ Studies with entry… compared with control (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early CPAP vs supportive care

Death or oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · preterm infants

Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in combined outcome of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia defined as… compared with supportive care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic CPAP vs mechanical ventilation

Combined outcome of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia defined as death at any time and oxygen dependency at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · preterm infants

Prophylactic CPAP probably leads to lower combined outcome of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia defined as… compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review