Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

21 questions · 21 findings · 9 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 7 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 4.8%Very low 5 · 23.8%Low 6 · 28.6%Moderate 2 · 9.5%High 0 · 0%

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or usual care

All cardiovascular death · people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis

Aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone or eplerenone) probably leads to lower death (cardiovascular) compared with control (placebo or standard care) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality · people with diabetes and kidney disease

It is very uncertain whether angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors changes cardiovascular death Median compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in cardiovascular death Median compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review