What do systematic reviews say?

Vitamin D vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D changes death (all causes) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.03, 9.22]
  3 studies · 232 participants
  Very low

Bisphosphonates vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether bisphosphonate changes death (all causes) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.34, 2.8]
  10 studies · 597 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Sevelamer vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Sevelamer changes death (all causes) compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.16 [0.2, 22.8]
  3 studies · 248 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Iron vs placebo or usual care

Summary of findings: Iron showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with placebo/usual care (low certainty).

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.52 [0.06, 4.65]
  2 studies · 239 participants
  Low

Calcium vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Calcium changes death (all causes) compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.05, 4.32]
  1 study · 110 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings ‐ Lanthanum vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Lanthanum changes death (all causes) compared with placebo/usual care (very low certainty).

• Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.63 [0.07, 37.12]
  3 studies · 214 participants
  Very low

NSAIDs vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) changes death (all causes) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Effects of peri‐operative nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on post‐operative kidney function for adults with… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.44 [0.19, 11.12]
  2 studies · 312 participants
  Very low

DPP‐4 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 4211 participants
  Low

GLP‐1 agonists vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 301 participants
  Very low

Glitazone vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 52 participants
  Very low

SGLT2 inhibitors vs placebo

• Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 2933 participants
  Very low

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Oral cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in adverse events: death (all causes) compared with prednisone or placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.19, 5.95]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low