Summary of findings table ‐ Moxibustion plus usual care showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with sham moxibustion plus usual care (moderate certainty).
Summary of findings table ‐ Moxibustion plus usual care showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
One‐to‐one structured care showed no clear difference in rate of caesarean section compared with usual care (high certainty).
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) probably leads to lower caesarean section compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
Acupressure showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
Additional support probably leads to lower caesarean section compared with usual care during pregnancy (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether massage changes caesarean section compared with usual care (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether relaxation changes caesarean section compared with usual care (very low certainty).
Acupressure showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Non‐pharmacological interventions for fear of childbirth (tocophobia) showed no clear difference in birth preferences: prefer caesarean section compared with usual care (low certainty).