Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 4 reviews · Airways

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 3 · 42.9%Very low 1 · 14.3%Low 2 · 28.6%Moderate 1 · 14.3%High 0 · 0%

Titrated oxygen therapy vs high‐flow oxygen therapy

Mortality (respiratory‐ related and all‐cause · adults with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Titrated oxygen therapy may leads to lower mortality (respiratory‐ related and all‐cause compared with high‐flow oxygen therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oxygen therapy in the pre‐hospital setting for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.22 [0.05, 0.97]
1 study · 214 participants
Low

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Mortality (all‐cause) · stable COPD

Triple therapy may leads to lower mortality (all‐cause) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.7 [0.54, 0.9]
4 studies · 15397 participants
Low

Quinolone vs macrolides

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Head‐to‐head oral prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Macrolides vs tetracycline

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Head‐to‐head oral prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Quinolone vs tetracycline

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 finding from 1 review

Head‐to‐head oral prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
GRADE not reported

Antibiotics vs placebo

All‐cause mortality WMD of · Adults (aged 40 or over) with COPD presenting with 1 or more exacerbations in the previous year. The 2 larger studies (Albert 2011; Sethi…

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.87 [0.66, 1.15]
6 studies · 3309 participants
Moderate

Macrolide+tetracycline vs macrolides

All‐cause mortality 60 weeks (end of study) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether macrolide+tetracycline changes all‐cause mortality 60 weeks (end of study) compared with macrolide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Head‐to‐head oral prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.63 [0.38, 7.02]
1 study · 198 participants
Very low