Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

25 questions · 25 findings · 15 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

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No studies found 7 · 28%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 12 · 48%Low 1 · 4%Moderate 5 · 20%High 0 · 0%

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · preschool children (aged 0 to 6 years) with overweight or obesity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · preschool children (aged 0 to 6 years) with overweight or obesity

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Surgery vs preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery

All‐cause mortality · adults with growth‐hormone secreting pituitary adenomas

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration

All‐cause mortality

1 finding from 1 review

Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and preoperative… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs intensive behaviour‐changing intervention

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acarbose vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether acarbose changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.18]
3 studies · 8069 participants
Very low

Acarbose vs no intervention

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 171 participants
Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether diet plus physical activity changes all‐cause mortality compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.5, 2.5]
10 studies · 4099 participants
Very low

Physical activity vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 397 participants
Very low

Diet vs physical activity or standard treatment

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 530 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · people at risk for development of T2DM

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl‐peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 179 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · people at risk for development of T2DM

1 finding from 1 review

Dipeptidyl‐peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2281 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 274 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

1 finding from 1 review

Insulin secretagogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 9306 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · non‐diabetic adults with insulin resistance

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults with insulin resistance 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

All‐cause mortality · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.88, 0.98]
15 studies · 49866 participants
Low

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

1 finding from 1 review

Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
2.38 [0.54, 10.5]
4 studies · 1156 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs no intervention

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy changes all‐cause mortality (N) compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.38, 1.91]
3 studies · 866 participants
Very low

Metformin vs diet and exercise or another antidiabetic drug

All‐cause mortality · people at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found