Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 6 findings · 4 reviews · Anaesthesia

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 16.7%Low 5 · 83.3%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality · adults aged 18 years or over undergoing general anaesthesia for non‐cardiac or non‐neurosurgical elective operations

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.62, 1.64]
1 study · 1155 participants
Low

Protocol using standard measures such as CVP vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with perioperative fluid optimization

Protocol using standard measures such as CVP showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.81 [0.61, 12.81]
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with perioperative fluid optimization

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.45 [0.07, 2.95]
3 studies · 213 participants
Low

Perioperative beta‐blockers vs placebo or usual care

Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)

Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing non‐cardiac… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.89, 1.54]
16 studies · 11446 participants
Low

Epidural analgesia vs intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia

All‐cause mortality rate at 30 days · adults having abdominal surgery

Epidural analgesia showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality rate at 30 days compared with intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural analgesia versus patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia for pain following intra‐abdominal surgery in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.37 [0.72, 15.88]
9 studies · 560 participants
Low

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs protocol using standard measures such

All‐cause mortality Advanced haemodynamic monitoring · patients with proximal femoral fracture

It is very uncertain whether advanced haemodynamic monitoring changes all‐cause mortality Advanced haemodynamic monitoring compared with protocol using standard measures such (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.41 [0.14, 1.2]
3 studies · 280 participants
Very low