What do systematic reviews say?

Epinephrine vs norepinephrine

It is very uncertain whether epinephrine changes all‐cause long‐term mortality: 60 days compared with norepinephrine (very low certainty).

• Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.41 [0.78, 2.56]
  1 study · 57 participants
  Very low

Levosimendan vs enoximone

It is very uncertain whether levosimendan changes all‐cause short‐term mortality: 30 days compared with enoximone (very low certainty).

• Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.22, 1.14]
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

Epinephrine vs norepinephrine‐dobutamine

It is very uncertain whether epinephrine changes all‐cause short‐term mortality: 28 days compared with norepinephrine‐dobutamine (very low certainty).

• Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.41, 3.77]
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Epinephrine vs norepinephrine

It is very uncertain whether epinephrine changes all‐cause short‐term mortality: 28 days compared with norepinephrine (very low certainty).

• Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.81 [0.89, 3.68]
  1 study · 57 participants
  Very low

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

Higher showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Study duration range 12‐96 months Omega‐6 dose… compared with lower omega‐6: primary outcomes (low certainty).

• Omega‐6 fats for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.88, 1.12]
  10 studies · 4506 participants
  Low

CLACfast vs CLACslow

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Automated oxygen delivery for preterm infants with respiratory dysfunction 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs protocol using standard measures such

It is very uncertain whether advanced haemodynamic monitoring changes all‐cause mortality Advanced haemodynamic monitoring compared with protocol using standard measures such (very low certainty).

• Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.41 [0.14, 1.2]
  3 studies · 280 participants
  Very low

Dopamine‐milrinone vs dopamine‐dobutamine

It is very uncertain whether dopamine‐milrinone changes all‐cause short‐term mortality: at intensive care unit compared with dopamine‐dobutamine (very low certainty).

• Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.34, 2.93]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Glucocorticosteroids for infants with biliary atresia following Kasai portoenterostomy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Paracetamol vs indomethacin

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay (by clinical… compared with indomethacin (low certainty).

• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.39, 1.92]
  2 studies · 114 participants
  Low

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Prophylactic administration of paracetamol showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality during initial hospital stay (by clinical… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

• Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight infants 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.59 [0.24, 1.44]
  3 studies · 240 participants
  Low

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation vs control

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause neonatal mortality: risk ratios based on cumulative risk… compared with control (high certainty).

• Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.08]
  5 studies · 126242 participants
  High

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation vs control

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation showed no clear difference in all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (high certainty).

• Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.89, 1.07]
  11 studies · 154634 participants
  High

Neonatal vitamin A supplementation vs control

It is very uncertain whether neonatal vitamin A supplementation changes all‐cause infant mortality at 6 months: risk ratios based on… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.54, 1.18]
  3 studies · 22721 participants
  Very low