Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

20 questions · 20 findings · 9 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 9 · 45%GRADE not reported 2 · 10%Very low 5 · 25%Low 4 · 20%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 1.14) · people with stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (Analysis 2.16) compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: death ‐ at end of treatment (secondary outcome) compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. dysuria, neck pain, eye discomfort) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: all ‐ other events ‐ not listed above (e.g. fall,… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapy vs usual care or attention control

Adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. suicidal intentions) (secondary outcome) · people with depression after stroke

It is very uncertain whether psychological therapy changes adverse events: all ‐ central nervous system events (e.g. suicidal… compared with usual care and/or attention control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or more vs 2 months of therapy

Adverse events: psychological disorders · children with nephrotic syndrome

Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: 3 months or… showed no clear difference in adverse events: psychological disorders compared with 2 months of therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Schema therapy vs usual care

Adverse events Assessed by: number of participants with a global negative outcome (e.g. dropping out of therapy, recidivism or being transferred to another facility due to poor treatment response) overall Timing of assessment: over the 3 years · adults with antisocial personality disorder

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to seven months vs three months

Adverse events: psychological disorders · children with nephrotic syndrome

Steroid therapy in first episode of nephrotic syndrome: five to… showed no clear difference in adverse events: psychological disorders compared with three months (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies vs usual care

Adverse events post‐intervention Number of people reporting an adverse event before completing the intervention · patients with fibromyalgia

Psychological therapies showed no clear difference in adverse events post‐intervention Number of people reporting an… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs psychological therapy

Adverse events measured during study treatment · clinical diagnosis of depression

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in adverse events measured during study treatment compared with psychological therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review