Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

22 questions · 25 findings · 12 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

No studies found 6 · 24%GRADE not reported 4 · 16%Very low 9 · 36%Low 4 · 16%Moderate 2 · 8%High 0 · 0%

BoNT‐A vs sham

Adverse events · children with CP

BoNT‐A showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo or sham (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Music therapy vs placebo or usual care

Adverse events Any serious or non‐serious adverse event · Individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Music therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events Any serious or non‐serious adverse event compared with placebo therapy or standard care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methylphenidate vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus doxycycline) · Children and adolescents with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether methylphenidate changes proportion of participants with one or more adverse events… compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review