Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

51 questions · 52 findings · 25 reviews

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No studies found 7 · 13.5%GRADE not reported 1 · 1.9%Very low 16 · 30.8%Low 12 · 23.1%Moderate 14 · 26.9%High 2 · 3.8%

Serlopitant 0.25 mg vs placebo

Adverse events · chronic pruritus of unknown origin

It is very uncertain whether serlopitant 0.25 mg changes adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.75, 2.24]
1 study · 127 participants
Very low

Serlopitant 5 mg vs placebo

Adverse events · chronic pruritus of unknown origin

It is very uncertain whether serlopitant 5 mg changes adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.48 [0.87, 2.5]
1 study · 127 participants
Very low

Eplerenone (25 mg daily) vs placebo

Adverse events · boys with DMD and left ventricular ejection fraction 45% or more

It is very uncertain whether eplerenone (25 mg daily) changes adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy and X‐linked… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.02, 8.48]
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes

Adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

It is very uncertain whether cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) changes adverse events compared with placebo cigarettes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.09 [1.15, 14.57]
1 study · 21 participants
Very low

Metrifonate 3 x 7.5 mg/kg given two weeks apart vs placebo

Adverse events · patients with treating urinary schistosomiasis

1 finding from 1 review

Drugs for treating urinary schistosomiasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 493 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy

All adverse events · people without inhibitors

Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis probably leads to higher all adverse events compared with on‐demand therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.83 [1.47, 5.47]
1 study · 54 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab 1.5 mg/kg once weekly vs emicizumab 3.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks

All adverse events · people without inhibitors

Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab 1.5 mg/kg once weekly showed no clear difference in all adverse events compared with emicizumab 3.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.04, 2.97]
1 study · 71 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy

Serious adverse events · people without inhibitors

Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with on‐demand therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.03, 7.54]
1 study · 54 participants
Moderate

Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab 1.5 mg/kg once weekly vs emicizumab 3.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks

Serious adverse events · people without inhibitors

Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab 1.5 mg/kg once weekly showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with emicizumab 3.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.04, 2.97]
1 study · 71 participants
Moderate

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

Serious adverse events · pPostmenopausal women at higher risk of fractures1

Risedronate 5 mg/day showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.94, 1.07]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

Serious adverse events · postmenopausal women at lower risk of fractures1

It is very uncertain whether risedronate 5 mg/day changes serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.42, 1.3]
Studies not reported
Very low

Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes

Serious adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo

Serious adverse events · adults with episodic tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Ketoprofen for episodic tension‐type headache in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Ketoprofen 25 mg vs placebo

Specific adverse events · adults with episodic tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Ketoprofen for episodic tension‐type headache in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Tofacitinib vs placebo

Adverse events (5 mg/10 mg) · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis

Tofacitinib showed no clear difference in adverse events (5 mg/10 mg) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Janus kinase inhibitors for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.92, 1.11]
1 study · 592 participants
High

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) vs placebo and two infusions of infliximab

Adverse events up to week 10 · Participants with active Crohn's disease despite current treatment with infliximab

Three infusions of natalizumab (300 mg) and two infusions of… showed no clear difference in adverse events up to week 10 compared with placebo and two infusions of infliximab (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Natalizumab for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.85, 1.03]
1 study · 79 participants
Moderate

Cannabis cigarettes (115 mg THC) vs placebo cigarettes

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Budesonide 15 mg vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

Budesonide 15 mg showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Budesonide for induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [0.45, 5.34]
2 studies · 181 participants
Low

Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs purine analogues

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

Infliximab 5 mg/kg showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with purine analogues (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.7 [0.46, 1.06]
2 studies · 355 participants
Low

Infliximab 5 mg/kg vs infliximab 10 mg/kg

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with active Crohn's disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Infliximab for medical induction of remission in Crohn's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.07, 15.79]
1 study · 63 participants
Very low