Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

127 questions · 131 findings · 83 reviews

No studies found 27 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 15 · 11.5%Very low 46 · 35.1%Low 23 · 17.6%Moderate 16 · 12.2%High 4 · 3.1%

Low dose naldemedine vs higher dose

Serious adverse eventsg · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction

Low dose naldemedine showed no clear difference in serious adverse eventsg compared with higher doses (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ myopathy · people with cardiovascular disease or at high risk of cardiovascular disease

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events ‐ myopathy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gemcitabine vs BCG

Adverse events grade 3 to 5 Range of · participants with recurrent (1‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (49 men, 31 women)Country: Italy

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine changes grade III–V adverse events compared with BCG (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lower blood pressure targets vs standard blood pressure targets

Total serious adverse events · cardiovascular disease with high blood pressure

Lower blood pressure targets showed no clear difference in total serious adverse events compared with standard blood pressure targets (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Gemcitabine vs BCG

Adverse events: grade 1 to 2 · participants with recurrent (1‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (49 men, 31 women)Country: Italy

It is very uncertain whether gemcitabine changes grade I or II adverse events compared with BCG (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent/cyclic etidronate 400 mg/day vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · postmenopausal women with a higher risk for fracturesa

It is very uncertain whether intermittent/cyclic etidronate 400 mg/day changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SiT for maintenance/relief vs higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA

Patients with serious adverse events · Studies recruited adults and adolescents aged 12 and older with chronic asthma

SiT for maintenance/relief showed no clear difference in patients with serious adverse events compared with higher‐dose ICS/LABA + SABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events during treatment · participants with alcoholic hepatitis at high risk of mortality and morbidity

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events during treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) · people with cardiovascular disease or at high risk of cardiovascular disease

The intervention probably leads to lower major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine varnish vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse events (e.g. ulcers, tooth staining) · Children and adolescents below 18 years at study start (included studies: children from birth to 15 years), with mixed, permanent or…
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Discontinuation of study drug due to adverse events · unvaccinated, non‐hospitalized people with mild symptomatic COVID‐19 (WHO scale 2 to 3) at high risk for progression to severe disease

The intervention probably leads to lower discontinuation of study drug due to adverse events (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Participants with non‐serious adverse events: up to 3 months' · participants with alcoholic hepatitis at high risk of mortality and morbidity

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes participants with non‐serious adverse events: up to 3 months' (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) vs usual care

Serious adverse events (falls) Median · older people at risk of poor health outcomes

It is very uncertain whether comprehensive Geriatric Assessment changes serious adverse events (falls) Median compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review