Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,004 questions · 1,019 findings · 269 reviews

No studies found 333 · 32.7%GRADE not reported 106 · 10.4%Very low 313 · 30.7%Low 189 · 18.5%Moderate 66 · 6.5%High 12 · 1.2%

Acetazolamide vs placebo

Adverse events: Paresthesias‐ Follow‐ up: From arrival to 24 hours later · participants at risk of high altitude illness

Acetazolamide may leads to higher adverse events: Paresthesias‐ Follow‐ up: From arrival to 24 hours… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensive insulin therapy vs conventional insulin therapy

Serious adverse events, ‐ in total population randomised ‐ hypoglycaemia · critically ill patients

Intensive insulin therapy leads to higher serious adverse events, ‐ in total population randomised ‐… compared with conventional insulin therapy (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Adverse events / complications ‐ Number of participants with complications · (mainly older) adults with most types of displaced proximal humeral fracturesa (10 trials)

Surgical showed no clear difference in adverse events / complications ‐ Number of participants with… compared with non‐surgical treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Adverse effects (weeks 0 to 26): serious infection requiring hospitalisation · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in adverse events (weeks 0 to 26): serious infection requiring… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo compared

Serious adverse events (dichotomous data) ‐ suspected or probable pneumonia · critically ill patients

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (dichotomous data) ‐ suspected or probable… compared with placebo compared (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Potassium citrate vs no intervention

Proportion of participants with adverse events while undergoing intervention · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether potassium citrate changes proportion of participants with adverse events while undergoing… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual vs usual care

Adverse events:incarceration Assessed by: incarceration between a 3‐ and 9‐month · adults with antisocial personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether impulsive lifestyle counselling + treatment‐as‐usual changes adverse events:incarceration Assessed by: incarceration between a 3‐… compared with treatment‐as‐usual alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy + risperidone vs placebo or supportive treatment

Adverse effects: specific ‐ doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events) Medium‐term · people in the prodromal stage of psychosis

It is very uncertain whether group C cognitive behavioural therapy: cognitive behavioural therapy… changes adverse effects: doctors' assessment of adverse effects UKU (events)… compared with supportive therapy + placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alarm vs other types of alarm

Proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus control alarm · children with nocturnal enuresis

Alarm showed no clear difference in proportion of children with adverse events ‐ code‐word alarm versus… compared with other types of alarm (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review