What do systematic reviews say?

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 983 participants
  Low

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported any adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Dietary interventions vs control

• Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1913 participants
  Very low

Dietary interventions vs control

• Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 377 participants
  Low

Dietary intervention (probiotics) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for prophylaxis of vestibular migraine 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 27882 participants
  Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs control

• Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 2394 participants
  Very low

Six‐food elimination diet vs swallowed fluticasone compared to swallowed budesonide compared to oral viscous budesonide

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Four‐food elimination diet with omeprazole vs omeprazole

It is very uncertain whether four‐food elimination diet with omeprazole changes withdrawals due to adverse events at 8 to 12 weeks compared with omeprazole (very low certainty).

• Medical treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 5 [0.62, 40.44]
  1 study · 64 participants
  Very low

Advice about a healthy diet (including breastfeeding promotion and sugar avoidance) and feeding practices (e.g. relating to bottle-feeding and sleep) for infants and young children vs usual care

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One trial only (Feldens 2007) provided information on adverse events and reported no events.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Package of oral health education/promotion including oral hygiene advice for pregnant women, mothers, infants and young children, plus dietary and feeding practice advice for infants and young children vs usual care

• Interventions with pregnant women, new mothers and other primary caregivers for preventing early childhood caries 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
  One trial (Harrison 2012) reported observing no adverse events; other trials provided no information on adverse events.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care or no treatment

• Interventions for preventing obesity in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 4603 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school‐based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity,… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 3 participants
  Low

Physical activity plus healthy lifestyle education interventions vs standard practice

• Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Physical activity vs standard practice

• Physical activity, diet and other behavioural interventions for improving cognition and school achievement in children… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Low GI vs high GI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Low glycaemic index diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 88 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Transtheoretical model stages of change for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found