Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

424 questions · 424 findings · 136 reviews

No studies found 93 · 21.9%GRADE not reported 14 · 3.3%Very low 130 · 30.7%Low 114 · 26.9%Moderate 58 · 13.7%High 15 · 3.5%

Sunitinib vs atezolizumab (targeted therapy versus immunotherapy)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type)

Sunitinib probably leads to higher serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) compared with atezolizumab (targeted therapy versus immunotherapy) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bevacizumab + IFN vs IFN (+ placebo) (targeted agent + classic immunotherapy versus classic immunotherapy)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type)

Bevacizumab + IFN probably leads to higher serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) compared with IFN (+ placebo) (targeted agent + classic immunotherapy versus… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Temsirolimus + IFN‐α vs IFN (+ placebo) (targeted agent + classic immunotherapy versus classic immunotherapy)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (any cell type)

Temsirolimus + IFN‐α may leads to higher serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) compared with IFN‐α (targeted agent + classic immunotherapy versus classic… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Temsirolimus + bevacizumab vs bevacizumab + IFN‐α (targeted agent + targeted agent versus targeted agent + classic immunotherapy)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (any cell type)

Temsirolimus + bevacizumab showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) compared with bevacizumab + IFN‐α (targeted agent + targeted agent versus targeted… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Everolimus + bevacizumab vs bevacizumab + IFN‐α (targeted agent + targeted agent versus targeted agent + classic immunotherapy)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (any cell type)

Everolimus + bevacizumab showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) compared with IFN α‐2a + bevacizumab (targeted agent + targeted agent versus… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sunitinib vs adjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab)

Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type); IMDC intermediate, poor risk patients only.

Sunitinib probably leads to higher serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) compared with nivolumab + ipilimumab (targeted agent versus combinations of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TACE followed by 3‐DCRT vs chemoembolisation

Non‐serious adverse events: leukopenia · primary hepatocellular carcinoma

It is very uncertain whether TACE followed by 3‐DCRT changes non‐serious adverse events: leukopenia compared with TACE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of events) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of events) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser ablation vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether laser ablation changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transarterial embolisation plus radiofrequency ablation vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether transarterial embolisation plus radiofrequency ablation changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection vs percutaneous alcohol injection

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether transarterial embolisation plus percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with percutaneous alcohol injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous ethanol injection vs radiofrequency ablation

Serious adverse events (number of participants) · people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma ineligible for surgery

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous alcohol injection changes serious adverse events (number of participants) compared with radiofrequency ablation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review