Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

193 questions · 195 findings · 93 reviews

No studies found 39 · 20%GRADE not reported 18 · 9.2%Very low 50 · 25.6%Low 40 · 20.5%Moderate 33 · 16.9%High 15 · 7.7%

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · stable COPD

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) plus long‐acting… showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 SAEs) compared with LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: monoclonal antibody KB001‐A vs placebo

Number experiencing adverse effects · children (12 or over) and adults with cystic fibrosis and lung infection

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: monoclonal antibody KB001‐A changes adverse events number of participants experiencing adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc vs placebo

Adverse events number of participants hospitalised during the trial · children with cystic fibrosis

Summary of findings: Zinc supplementation showed no clear difference in adverse events number of participants hospitalised during the trial compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to lower adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with formoterol (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events-serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus budesonide (BD) · patients with COPD

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events-serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

COURT ORDERED OUTPATIENT COMMITMENT vs ENTIRELY VOLUNTARY CARE

Participant level outcomes: 6. Satisfaction with care/adverse events: perceived coercion by 11 to 12 months · people with severe mental disorders

COURT ORDERED OUTPATIENT COMMITMENT showed no clear difference in participant level outcomes: 6. Satisfaction with care/adverse… compared with ENTIRELY VOLUNTARY CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review