What do systematic reviews say?

Oral ciclosporin vs azathioprine (AZA)

Oral ciclosporin showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with oral azathioprine (low certainty).

• Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.48, 1.65]
  1 study · 89 participants
  Low

Oral methotrexate vs oral chloroquine

Oral methotrexate showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with oral chloroquine (low certainty).

• Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.73 [0.27, 11.07]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Low

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) may leads to lower adverse events ‐ Severe compared with metformin combined with OCP (low certainty).

• Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.2 [0.06, 0.72]
  5 studies · 228 participants
  Low

Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) vs metformin combined with OCP

It is very uncertain whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) changes adverse events ‐ Severe compared with metformin combined with OCP (very low certainty).

• Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.06, 17.33]
  1 study · 36 participants
  Very low

Oral chloroquine vs placebo

Oral chloroquine showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45]
  1 study · 24 participants
  Low

Oral methotrexate vs placebo

Oral methotrexate showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 12.05 [0.69, 211.36]
  1 study · 86 participants
  Moderate

Oral hydroxychloroquine vs placebo

Oral hydroxychloroquine showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.9 [0.19, 78.46]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Moderate

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone vs placebo

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.66]
  1 study · 381 participants
  Moderate

Oral and sublingual immunotherapy vs no therapy

Oral and sublingual immunotherapy may leads to higher number of children with mild‐to‐severe adverse events compared with no therapy (low certainty).

• Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for egg allergy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.35 [5.31, 13.12]
  10 studies · 439 participants
  Low

Metformin vs oral contraceptive pill (OCP)

Metformin may leads to higher adverse events ‐ Severe compared with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) (low certainty).

• Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 6.42 [2.98, 13.84]
  11 studies · 602 participants
  Low

Metformin vs metformin combined with OCP

Metformin showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Severe compared with metformin combined with oral contraceptive pill (OCP) (low certainty).

• Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.21, 2.53]
  3 studies · 171 participants
  Low

Clobetasol propionate cream vs prednisone

Clobetasol propionate cream may leads to lower adverse events: severe complications at day 21 compared with oral prednisone (low certainty).

• Interventions for bullous pemphigoid 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.5, 0.86]
  1 study · 341 participants
  Low

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs RISPERIDONE

• Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

RISPERIDONE DEPOT vs GENERAL ORAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS

• Risperidone (depot) for schizophrenia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported