What do systematic reviews say?

Lutein with or without zeaxanthin vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether lutein with or without zeaxanthin changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age‐related macular degeneration 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.06
  Studies not reported
  Very low

Vitamin E vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether vitamin E changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age‐related macular degeneration 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 participants
  Very low

Zinc vs placebo

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age‐related macular degeneration 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  286 participants
  Very low

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement may leads to lower adverse effects compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age‐related macular degeneration 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87
  0 participants
  Low

Rituximab vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rituximab changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Rituximab for thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.46 [0.84, 7.18]
  1 study · 25 participants
  Very low

Topical antibiotics vs another topical antibiotic or placebo

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Beta‐carotene vs placebo

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  High

Vitamin C vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Multivitamin vs placebo

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Omega‐3 vs placebo

Omega 3 fatty acids leads to higher adverse effects compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Omega 3 fatty acids for preventing or slowing the progression of age‐related macular degeneration 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01
  2 studies · 2343 participants
  High

Vitamin E vs placebo

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Systemic aminocaproic acid vs placebo

Systemic aminocaproic acid probably leads to higher adverse effects: nausea or vomiting compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.6 [2.09, 35.5]
  3 studies · 131 participants
  Moderate

Topical aminocaproic acid vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin A and fish oils (docosahexaenoic acid) vs placebo, vitamins, or no treatment

• Vitamin A and fish oils for preventing the progression of retinitis pigmentosa 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 944 participants
  Very low