Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

196 questions · 221 findings · 67 reviews

No studies found 33 · 14.9%GRADE not reported 86 · 38.9%Very low 53 · 24%Low 25 · 11.3%Moderate 19 · 8.6%High 5 · 2.3%

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: palpitations · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: palpitations compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) vs placebo

Adverse effects: spasmophilia · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes adverse effects: spasmophilia compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants (gabapentin + alpha lipoic acid) vs placebo

Adverse effects: mild headache · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants (gabapentin + alpha lipoic acid) changes adverse effects: mild headache compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous ceftazidime with tobramycin vs ciprofloxacin

Adverse effects of antibiotics · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

Intravenous ceftazidime with tobramycin probably leads to lower adverse effects of antibiotics: compared with oral ciprofloxacin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Abdominal pain · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: abdominal pains compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) vs placebo

Adverse effects: euphoric behaviour · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes adverse effects: euphoric behaviour compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: urinary incontinence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: urinary incontinence compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE vs ORAL NEUROLEPTICS

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE changes extrapyramidal adverse effects ‐ general compared with ORAL NEUROLEPTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) vs placebo

Adverse effects: exacerbation of symptoms · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) changes adverse effects: exacerbation of symptoms compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) vs placebo

Adverse events: worsening of hypertension · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) changes adverse effects: increase in blood pressure compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) vs placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) changes adverse effects: gastrointestinal complaints compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) vs placebo

Adverse effects: intermittent facial skin rash · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (alpha lipoic acid +/- adjunctive ingredients) changes adverse effects: intermittent facial skin rash compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticonvulsants (gabapentin 300 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: drowsiness (gabapentin alone) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether anticonvulsants (gabapentin 300 mg/day) changes adverse effects: drowsiness (gabapentin alone) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review